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bio.rodeo

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  • Language model
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Leaderboard

The state of biological AI at a glance — which models drive the most academic impact and developer adoption, and how open the field actually is. Across 926 models, with 923 evaluated against the Model Openness Framework.

926
Models tracked
137.7K
Total citations
15%
Reach Open Model (III+)
136 of 923 models
3
Fully Open Science (I)
all 17 components open

The model landscape

Every published model placed by what it does — models with similar descriptions sit close together, so the clusters are the field's real subfields rather than our category labels.

The model landscape

926 models positioned by what their descriptions say — similar models sit close together. Scroll to zoom, drag to pan, click a point to open it.

DNA & Gene
RNA
Protein
Single-cell
Spatial omics
Small molecule
Pathology
Imaging
Metabolomics
Biosignals
Language model

What's on the map

The map above places all 926 published models by what their descriptions say, so models solving similar problems form clusters. It is a visual view; the most-cited models in each area are listed below.

DNA & Gene

  • Big Bird · Google Research
  • Enformer · Google DeepMind
  • Basset · Harvard University

RNA

  • seq2ribo · Carnegie Mellon University
  • RNA-FM · ml4bio / Chinese University of Hong Kong / Fudan University / Shanghai AI Laboratory
  • RhoFold+ · ml4bio

Protein

  • AlphaFold 2 · Google DeepMind
  • AlphaFold 3 · Google DeepMind
  • ESM-2 & ESMFold · Meta AI

Single-cell

  • scVI (CELLxGENE Census) · Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
  • scGPT · Bowang Lab
  • Geneformer · Broad Institute / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Spatial omics

  • KRONOS · Mahmood Lab / Brigham and Women's Hospital / Harvard Medical School / Broad Institute / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Stanford University / The Ohio State University / University of Tübingen
  • STORM · Stanford University
  • MIMYR · Carnegie Mellon University

Small molecule

  • MoLFormer-XL · IBM Research
  • MACE-POLAR-1 · University of Cambridge
  • BioMed Multi-View · IBM Research

Pathology

  • ABMIL · Mahmood Lab / Brigham and Women's Hospital
  • LLaVA-Med · Microsoft Research
  • UNI · Mahmood Lab

Imaging

  • Cellpose · HHMI Janelia Research Campus
  • MedSAM · Bowang Lab / University Health Network / University of Toronto / Vector Institute / Western University / New York University / Yale University
  • Cellpose 2.0 · HHMI Janelia Research Campus

Metabolomics

  • DreaMS · IOCB Prague / MIT
  • MetaboliteChat · New York University
  • MetaboFM · Georgia Institute of Technology

Biosignals

  • LaBraM · Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  • SSL-Wearables (HARNet) · University of Oxford
  • CBraMod · Zhejiang University

Language model

  • BioGPT · Microsoft Research Asia / Microsoft Research
  • Galactica · Meta AI
  • Med-Gemini · Google Research / Google DeepMind

Impact & scale

The biggest and most-cited models — colored by openness so you can see whether scale and openness go together.

Size vs. Impact

How model scale relates to academic citations (log-log). Showing 167 models with both metrics.

ClosedOpenopenness 0–100
Unevaluated

Most Cited

Academic impact by citation count

#ModelOrganizationCitations
1
AlphaFold 2
Google DeepMind37.6K
2
AlphaFold 3
Google DeepMind12.4K
3
ESM-2 & ESMFold
Meta AI5.1K
4
Cellpose
HHMI Janelia Research Campus3.6K
5
AlphaFold-Multimer
Google DeepMind3.2K
6
Big Bird
Google Research3K
7
ABMIL
Mahmood Lab / Brigham and Women's Hospital2.7K
8
scVI (CELLxGENE Census)
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative2.4K
9
ProteinMPNN
Institute for Protein Design1.9K
10
LLaVA-Med
Microsoft Research1.9K

Most Starred

Developer adoption by GitHub stars

#ModelOrganizationStars
1
Enformer
Google DeepMind15.1K
2
AlphaFold 2
Google DeepMind14.8K
3
AlphaFold-Multimer
Google DeepMind14.8K
4
AlphaFold 3
Google DeepMind8.3K
5
GPT-Rosalind
OpenAI4.7K
6
OpenMed NER
OpenMed4.7K
7
BioGPT
Microsoft Research Asia / Microsoft Research4.5K
8
MedSAM
Bowang Lab / University Health Network / University of Toronto / Vector Institute / Western University / New York University / Yale University4.4K
9
ESM-1b
Meta AI4.2K
10
ESM-1v
Meta AI4.2K

How open is biological AI?

MOF's pass/fail tiers leave most models unclassified, so the bio.rodeo openness score rates them on a 0–100 gradient — split into usability (can I run it?) and reproducibility (can I retrain it?). These views show that gradient, the trend over time, where models fall short, the licenses in play, and how openness relates to impact.

Usability vs. Reproducibility

Each dot is a model; color is its bio.rodeo openness band. Below the diagonal: easier to run than to retrain (open weights, closed recipe); above it: more reproducible than usable. Showing 923 evaluated models.

reproducible · less usablefully openclosedopen weights · closed recipe
ClosedOpenopenness 0–100
MOF Class I/II/III

Most Open

Top models by bio.rodeo openness score (usability + reproducibility, license-aware).

#ModelUseReproOverall
1
SegVol
Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence
100
100
100
2
Cytoland
Chan Zuckerberg Biohub / Mehta Lab
100
95
98
3
DreaMS
IOCB Prague / MIT
100
92
98
4
gRNAde
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology / University of Cambridge
100
92
98
5
Boltz-1
MIT
100
95
97
6
Dayhoff Atlas
Microsoft Research
100
92
96
7
Geneformer
Broad Institute / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
100
93
96
8
scVI (CELLxGENE Census)
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
100
92
96
9
TopCUP
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
100
92
96
10
Aiki-XP
Aikium
99
92
96

Openness Over Time

Evaluated models by release year and overall openness tier (open / partial / closed)

Open
Partial
Closed

Component Openness

Share of models that release each MOF component openly, grouped by pillar — where the field falls short

Documentation
Model Artifacts
Data & Evaluation
Open
Described only
Restricted
Unavailable
Unknown

Openness and Impact

Median citations for models that release a component openly vs. not, sorted by the size of the gap

Component is open
Not open (described / restricted / unavailable)

License Landscape

Most common licenses across released components, colored by whether they are open

Open license
Restrictive license

Who & what

Openness and impact broken down by biological domain and by organization, plus the field's growth in scale over time.

Category Breakdown

Models per biological domain, split into open (Class III+) and not open

Open (Class III+)
Not open

Top Organizations

By total citation count

Google DeepMind
56.4K citations6 models55.5K stars
Meta AI
7.1K citations5 models15.5K stars
HHMI Janelia Research Campus
5.3K citations4 models9.1K stars
Microsoft Research
4.4K citations13 models7.2K stars
Institute for Protein Design
3.8K citations6 models6.9K stars
Mahmood Lab / Brigham and Women's Hospital
3.7K citations3 models738 stars
Google Research
3.2K citations6 models992 stars
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
2.5K citations15 models2.2K stars
Stanford University
2.4K citations21 models2.3K stars
Mahmood Lab
1.8K citations2 models1.2K stars
Google Research / Google DeepMind
1.7K citations4 models1.9K stars
Microsoft Research Asia / Microsoft Research
1.5K citations1 model4.5K stars
Bowang Lab / University Health Network / University of Toronto / Vector Institute / Western University / New York University / Yale University
1.4K citations1 model4.4K stars
Rostlab
1.4K citations2 models1.6K stars
Bowang Lab
1.2K citations4 models2.2K stars

Field Timeline

How model scale has grown over time, colored by bio.rodeo openness score. Bubble size reflects citation count where available. Showing 227 models.

ClosedOpenopenness 0–100
Unevaluated